The scientific name is computer electronic computer, is by the early electric calculator. In 1945, the first appeared in the world of electronic digital computer "ENIAC", used for calculation of the trajectory. Is from the university of Pennsylvania electrician Moore, but it made of the huge volume, covers an area of more than 500 square meters, the weight is about 30 tons, consumption by nearly 100 kilowatts of electricity. Obviously, the cost is high, difficult to use computer. In 1956, the transistor electronic computer was born, this is the second generation electronic computer. As long as a few bigger cabinet can will it hold, speed also greatly increased. In 1959 came the third generation computer integrated circuit.
Since the 1970 s, this is the recent development of computer stage. By 1976, the large scale integrated circuit and very large scale integrated circuits made of clay "number one", make the computer into the fourth generation. The invention of the very large scale integrated circuit, make the electronic computer constantly toward miniaturization, miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence, and systematic direction upgraded.
In the 1990 s, the computer "intelligent" direction, create and the human brain similar to the computer, thinking, learning and memory, network communication, etc.
In the 21 st century, is the notebook computer, miniaturization and specialization, speed more than 1 million times per second, not only simple operation, price cheap, and people can take the place of the part of the brain, or, in some aspects of labor expanded the human's intelligence. So, today's tiny electronic computers will be called the computer image to.
The world's first personal computers by IBM released in 1981. Computer history
In 1945, the first by the American production automatic Electronic digital computer "eni gram" (English abbreviations, namely Electronic Numerical is ENIAC Integrator Calculator, meaning in Chinese-is the Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculators). It is the us Olympic "test in order to meet DingWuQi calculation ballistic need and developed. Main inventor is the electrical engineer, Preston wave echoviruses, Prespen (j. Eckert) and physicist John moche le Ph.D. (John w. Mauchly). This computer in February 1946 consign is used, nine years of service. It USES vacuum tubes as the basic elements, the computer can be conducted 5000 times per second addition and subtraction. It USES the 18000 only 10000 only capacitance, electron tubes, 7000, volume only resistance 3000 cubic feet, covers an area of 170 square meters, weight 30 tons, 140 ~ 150 kw, power consumption is a worthy of the name "colossus".
ENIAC the appearance of the machine of epoch-making significance, show that the arrival of the era of computer, in the following DuoNian 40, the computer technology development in human history, a rapid change is not yet a subject and computer development speed comparable.
Each generation computer introduces below the hardware structure and the characteristics of the system:
A, first generation (1946 ~ 1958) : electron tubes digital computers
The logic element electron tubes used computer, main memory, a drum, delay line by mercury ferrite core; The external storage tape; Software mainly use the machine language, assemble language; Application to scientific computing primarily. Its characteristic is larger, great power consumption, poor reliability, the price is expensive, maintenance and complex, but it laid the foundation of computer technology after.
Second, the second generation (1958 ~ 1964) : transistor digital computers
The invention of the transistor promoted the development of the computer, logic element used the transistor, the volume of the computer after greatly narrowed, power consumption to reduce and reliability, performance than the first generation of computers has been greatly improved.
Main memory using magnetic cores, external storage has started to use the more advanced disk; The software has been developing rapidly, appear all sorts of advanced language and its compiler, also appeared in batch primarily operating system, application to scientific computing and various transaction processing give priority to, started to use industrial control.
Three, the third generation (1964 ~ 1971) : integrated circuit digital computers
In the 1960 s, the computer logic element with small, medium scale integrated circuit (SSI, MSI), the volume of computer more miniaturization, less power consumption and has higher reliability, performance than the tenth generation computer and had the very big enhancement, at this time, minicomputers also flourished and application field is expanding.
Main memory still use magnetic cores, software perfected gradually, timesharing system, conversational language, etc DuoZhong senior language has new development.
Four, the fourth generation (after 1971) : large scale integrated circuit digital computers
The computer logic element and main memory using (LSI). The so-called large scale integrated circuit is to point to in a single slice of silicon including integrated 1000 ~ 2000 above the transistor, the integrated circuit, small-scale integration than in integrated circuit improve the 1 ~ 2 above orders of magnitude. Then the computer to the development of the miniaturization, low power consumption, little the high reliability of the stage. Large scale integrated circuit make military industry, space technology, atomic energy technology is developing, the vigorous development of these fields of computer put forward higher request, promoted the development of the computer industry unprecedented. Along with large scale integrated circuit technology, the rapid development of the computer giant computer development direction in addition to the super minicomputers does the direction and towards over forward. By the end of 1971, the world's first processors and microcomputer in t he United States in south San Francisco, it has opened the silicon valley arises at the historic moment of a microcomputer new age. Since then all kinds
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